What Is a Swollen Hemorrhoid?

What Causes a Swollen Hemorrhoid?

Hemorrhoids become swollen when the veins in the rectal or anal area experience too much pressure. That pressure makes the vein walls stretch and bulge, leading to irritation and inflammation.

Some of the most common causes include:

• Straining during bowel movements
  
  
• Chronic constipation or diarrhea
  
  
• Sitting for long periods, especially on the toilet
  
  
• Pregnancy and postpartum changes
  
  
• Heavy lifting or obesity
  
  

Age also plays a role - as tissues weaken, they become more prone to swelling under pressure.

Common Symptoms

The symptoms of a swollen hemorrhoid can vary depending on whether it’s internal or external, but the most common signs include:

• Tenderness or pain, especially while sitting or during bowel movements
  
  
• Itching or irritation around the anus
  
  
• Swelling or a small lump near the anal opening
  
  
• Bright red bleeding on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl
  
  
• Mucus or moisture, sometimes leading to mild skin irritation
  
  

Swelling may come and go, especially after bowel movements or periods of prolonged sitting.

Diagnosis & Treatment Options

A proctologist can determine whether your symptoms are caused by hemorrhoids or another condition, such as an anal fissure or infection. Most swollen hemorrhoids can be managed without surgery.

• At-home care - Sitz baths, high-fiber diets, and over-the-counter creams can reduce swelling and relieve discomfort.
  
  
• Lifestyle changes - Avoiding straining, staying hydrated, and improving bathroom habits help prevent future swelling.
  
  
• Office procedures - For persistent or severe hemorrhoids, minimally invasive treatments like rubber band ligation or infrared coagulation can provide lasting relief.
  
  

In rare cases where swelling doesn’t resolve, minor surgical removal may be recommended.

When to See a Proctologist

If swelling, pain, or bleeding lasts more than a few days - or if symptoms interfere with your daily comfort - it’s time to see a proctologist. Hemorrhoid symptoms often overlap with other rectal conditions, so getting a professional diagnosis is the safest way to find real relief. With proper care, most swollen hemorrhoids heal quickly and comfortably.